I. Discrimination, Exclusion and Toxicity     Mechanism: These risks arise from the LM accurately reflecting natural speech, including unjust, toxic, and oppressive tendencies present in the training data.     Types of Harm: Potential harms include justified offense, material (allocational) harm, and the unjust representation or treatment of marginalized groups. Social stereotypes and unfair discrimination Exclusionary norms Toxic language Lower performance by

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